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Understanding Acute and Chronic Sinusitis
Sinusitis is a common condition characterized by inflammation of the sinuses, which are hollow cavities located in the skull around the nose and eyes. Sinusitis can be acute, lasting less than four weeks, or chronic, lasting more than twelve weeks. Both types of sinusitis can cause similar symptoms, but chronic sinusitis may be more persistent and difficult to treat. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for acute and chronic sinusitis is essential for effectively managing this condition and relieving symptoms.
Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Sinusitis
Diagnosing sinusitis typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare provider, often an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat specialist). During the examination, the provider may review the individual’s medical history and perform tests such as:
- Physical Examination: A physical examination of the nose, sinuses, and throat to assess for signs of inflammation or infection.
- Nasal Endoscopy: Nasal endoscopy involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera into the nasal passages to visualize the sinuses and assess for signs of inflammation, polyps, or other abnormalities.
- Imaging Studies: Imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be recommended to evaluate the extent and severity of sinus inflammation or to assess for underlying structural abnormalities.
Causes of Acute and Chronic Sinusitis
Sinusitis can be caused by various factors, including:
- Viral Infections: Viral infections such as the common cold or influenza are common causes of acute sinusitis.
- Bacterial Infections: Bacterial infections can develop secondary to viral infections or due to other factors such as nasal polyps or a deviated septum, leading to acute or chronic sinusitis.
- Allergies: Allergic reactions to environmental triggers such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander can cause inflammation of the sinuses, leading to acute or chronic sinusitis.
- Nasal Polyps: Nasal polyps are noncancerous growths that can obstruct the nasal passages and lead to chronic sinusitis.
- Structural Abnormalities: Structural abnormalities of the nose, such as a deviated septum or narrow nasal passages, can increase the risk of developing sinusitis.
Symptoms of Acute and Chronic Sinusitis
Common symptoms of acute and chronic sinusitis may include:
- Nasal Congestion: Persistent nasal congestion or blockage, particularly in the nasal passages or sinuses.
- Facial Pain: Pain or pressure in the face, particularly around the eyes, forehead, or cheeks.
- Nasal Discharge: Thick, discolored nasal discharge (rhinorrhea), often accompanied by postnasal drip.
- Headache: Persistent or recurrent headaches, particularly around the forehead or behind the eyes.
- Reduced Sense of Smell: Decreased sense of smell (hyposmia) or complete loss of smell (anosmia) due to nasal congestion or inflammation.
It’s important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of acute or chronic sinusitis, as early diagnosis and treatment can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment for sinusitis may include medications such as antibiotics for bacterial infections, nasal corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, nasal saline irrigation to moisturize the nasal passages, or surgical procedures such as sinus surgery or balloon sinuplasty in severe or chronic cases.
18+
years
of experience
Dr. Mukesh Kumar Ramani
Dr. Mukesh Kumar Ramani is a dedicated Specialist ENT Surgeon at Aster Clinic (Aster Jubilee Medical Complex) in Burdubai, Dubai. With over 18 years of experience in the field, Dr. Ramani has garnered expertise in various aspects of Otorhinolaryngology.
He completed his MBBS from Thanjavur Medical College, Tamilnadu, India, followed by MS (ENT) from B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India, and DNB from the National Board of Examinations, New Delhi, India. Dr. Ramani’s extensive academic background is complemented by his passion for delivering high-quality patient care.